tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38902250.post3969814495496042888..comments2023-10-25T04:04:15.348-07:00Comments on When Pigs Fly Returns: Horns & Spikes Part 3: Jugal "Horns"Zachhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08692080707969333711noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38902250.post-52044968730571024292009-07-07T08:23:53.659-07:002009-07-07T08:23:53.659-07:00VERY interesting stuff! I had always heard that Pe...VERY interesting stuff! I had always heard that Pentaceratops had an exceptionally large pair of jugal horns/spikes which led to its name of "five horned face". But for years I have only seen Pentaceratops with a fairly unimpressive set of jugals.<br /><br />Although they were bigger in Protoceratopsids, I think in some Ceratopsids they still had a use.<br /><br />Centrosaurs had decent-sized ones, most Chasmosaurs didn't (except for Chasmosaurus itself) and Triceratops's jugal spikes were PUNY and well on their way to disappearing entirely. The Chasmosaurines eventually seem to had lost any use for jugals since their large frills were usually wide enough to block any attack that could have even come in contact with the jugals!<br /><br />Still, jugals on any species still look downright badass.Paleo Kinghttps://www.blogger.com/profile/15938850679516021616noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38902250.post-5710083210453129842009-07-06T02:41:35.115-07:002009-07-06T02:41:35.115-07:00Zack, great post! However, you missed to mention P...Zack, great post! However, you missed to mention Psittacosaurus sinensis and P. xinjiangensis, which have also VERY large jugal horns; a skull wider(from tip to tip) than long is found among psittacosaurians, also in P. sinensis, lujiatunensis, and IVPP V 12617 (described as the adult morph of 'Hongshanosaurus'). <br />P. gobiensis effectively have relatively small jugals horns, compared to other species, and they're not too different in size to that of P. mongolienis, although are much more textured by vascular sulci. <br />Quadratojuagals hornlets are present in P. meileyingensis, P. gobiensis and P. lujiatunensis...<br />The postobital/jugal bar bear hornets structures also in P. gobiensis and P. sinensis, although I'm not so sure about the so called 'palpebral horns' of P. sibiricus: I mean, those are simply enlarged palpebrals, I don't understand why these structures would have been covered in a keratinous sheath, unless we consider all ornithischian palpebrals as horn-like structures. They were an attachment for the eyelids, as for the Varanids or other sauropsids.<br />Among the largest psittacosaurians, there are rumors <br />of an extremely large taxon, but unfortunately I have <br />no info about it.<br />Best regards<br />LukasLukas Panzarinnoreply@blogger.com